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A Survey of Tax Risk Detection Using Data Mining Techniques

Qinghua Zheng,Yiming Xu,Huixiang Liu,Bin Shi,Jiaxiang Wang,Bo Dong,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.014

摘要： Tax risk behavior causes serious loss of fiscal revenue, damages the country’s public infrastructure, and disturbs the market economic order of fair competition. In recent years, tax risk detection, driven by information technology such as data mining and artificial intelligence, has received extensive attention. To promote the high-quality development of tax risk detection methods, this paper provides the first comprehensive overview and summary of existing tax risk detection methods worldwide. More specifically, it first discusses the causes and negative impacts of tax risk behavior, along with the development of tax risk detection. It then focuses on data-mining-based tax risk detection methods utilized around the world. Based on the different principles employed by the algorithms, existing risk detection methods can be divided into two categories: relationship-based and non-relationship-based. A total of 14 risk detection methods are identified, and each method is thoroughly explored and analyzed. Finally, four major technical bottlenecks of current data-driven tax risk detection methods are analyzed and discussed, including the difficulty of integrating and using fiscal and tax fragmented knowledge, unexplainable risk detection results, the high cost of risk detection algorithms, and the reliance of existing algorithms on labeled information. After investigating these issues, it is concluded that knowledge-guided and data-driven big data knowledge engineering will be the development trend in the field of tax risk in the future; that is, the gradual transition of tax risk detection from informatization to intelligence is the future development direction.

关键词： Tax risk detection     Data mining     Knowledge guide     Informatization     Intellectualization    

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Detection of schedule delay risk of empirical construction projects

Tsegay GEBREHIWET, Hanbin LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 251-267 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018086

摘要： In Ethiopian construction projects, schedule delay risk is a predominant issue because it is not properly addressed. Although several studies have been focused on the various effects of risk in construction projects, limited efforts have been made to investigate the typical and the overall schedule delay risk. In this study, our aim is to detect the typical and overall schedule delay risk throughout the construction project lifecycle, which consists of the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction stages, and compare the stages with each other. Common criteria, sub-criteria, and attributes were developed for all alternatives for the purpose of making a risk decision. The methodology that was followed integrated the multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive evaluation (FAHPCE) and the relative important index (RII). Data were collected from 77 participants, who were selected through purposive sampling from different contracting organizations in Ethiopian construction projects by means of questionnaires that were distributed to experienced experts. The findings showed that there is a typical delay risk either in the type or in the level of the different construction activities. Consequently, the most influenced alternative is the construction stage because of the high-risk responsibility, resource, and contract condition related criteria. The post-construction stage was the second most influenced stage because of the high-risk responsibility-related criteria. The pre-constructed stage was the least influenced stage that consist high-risk criteria of responsibility, resource, and contract condition related. These differences provided noteworthy information about risk mitigation in construction projects by identifying the exact risk level on specific activity to make appropriate decision.

关键词： fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive evaluation     construction project     detection of delay risk     relative important index    

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增值税防伪税控系统及其安全性设计

魏庆福

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第11期   页码 84-87

摘要：

增值税防伪税控系统是国家金税工程的主要组成部分之一，是为控管增值税、扼制利用发票偷税、骗税，防止税收流失而研制的。该系统采用数字密码技术，解决票据的防伪识伪，由微控制器、DSP和Flashi贮器构成的“黑盒子”和智能IC卡等技术集成，从税源的源头和票源的源头控制税收的征管。该技术发明的推广使用已成为辅助我国税收征管的强有力手段。它为解决国民经济中有关增值税征管中的重大难题作出了贡献。

系统为特殊的商用密码设备，运行环境极为恶劣，它既要防止国内外利益集团的集团攻击，又要抵御一些不法之徒，包括与税务部门内部人员勾结的个人攻击。为此，采用了一整套安全性设计技术，按照系统的安全模型，从核心硬件、密码算法、密钥管理、设备连接通道、运行环境、信息记录与审计、业务功能以及管理诸方面层层设防，综合治理。

关键词： 增值税     防伪     密码     安全性    

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A global carbon market?

Michael G. POLLITT

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第1期   页码 5-18 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0011-x

摘要：

This paper explores the prospects for a global carbon market as the centerpiece of any serious attempt to reach the ambitious goal for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions set by climate scientists. My aim is to clarify the extent to which we know what policy might best support global decarbonisation. We begin by discussing what we might mean by a global carbon market and its theoretical properties. We then go on to discuss the EU Emissions Trading System experience and the recent experience with the Australian carbon tax. Next, we assess recent carbon market initiatives in the US and in China. My argument is that while establishing the amount of emissions required and dividing it up acceptably between countries requires an enormous scientific and international negotiations effort, the economic instruments to deliver the agreed targets are readily at hand.

关键词： carbon market     carbon tax     EU ETS    

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Basic consideration of research strategies for head and neck cancer

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 339-353 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0213-7

摘要：

Head and neck cancer (HNC) consists of a group of malignancies affecting closely related anatomical regions of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), including the oral cavity, salivary glands, upper and lower jaw bones and facial skin; the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland (although the latter is often excluded and considered as part of endocrine neoplasms). Of these, 90% of HNCs are histologically squamous cell carcinomas originating from the mucosal lining. These malignancies are strongly associated with certain environmental and life-style risk factors, principally tobacco in both smoked and smokeless forms, excessive alcohol consumption, diets poor in antioxidants and essential micronutrients, UV light, chemicals used in certain workplaces, and viruses, principally certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). These cancers are frequently aggressive in their biological behaviour with local invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes in the neck. Since most patients are already at late stages of disease at the time of diagnosis, the desirable practice of early diagnosis (first sign of the malignant lesion at an initial stage ) and early treatment, a critical priority to save lives and retain quality of life, is difficult to implement. Thus, primary prevention has been set as a key goal. This article aims to reinforce the basic knowledge of aetiology, key risk factors related to the development of head and neck cancer, basic features of clinical appearance of this group of cancers, and strategies for prevention and early detection. We also suggest basic research strategies on the basis of current knowledge, which should ultimately lead to the improvement of clinical management.

关键词： clinical management     head and neck cancer     prevention and early detection     research strategies     risk factors    

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An uncertain energy planning model under carbon taxes

Hongkuan ZANG, Yi XU, Wei LI, Guohe HUANG, Dan LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 549-558 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0414-y

摘要： In this study, an interval fuzzy mixed-integer energy planning model (IFMI-EPM) is developed under considering the carbon tax policy. The developed IFMI-EPM incorporates techniques of interval-parameter programming, fuzzy planning and mixed-integer programming within a general energy planning model. The IFMI-EPM can not only be used for quantitatively analyzing a variety of policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of carbon tax policy, but also tackle uncertainties expressed as discrete intervals and fuzzy sets in energy and environment systems. Considering low, medium and high carbon tax rates, the model is applied to an ideal energy and environment system. The results indicate that reasonable solutions have been generated. They can be used for generating decision alternatives and thus help decision makers identify desired carbon tax policy.

关键词： energy     carbon tax     planning     uncertainty     fuzzy    

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支持新能源发展的财税政策研究

魏向杰

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第3期   页码 67-74

摘要：

财税政策是促进新能源发展的一种重要政策手段。美国等发达国家在利用财税政策支持新能源发展方面积累了丰富经验。我国开发利用新能源的时间较短，相关财税政策尚不完善，因此需要借鉴国外有益经验，进一步健全新能源财税政策体系，促进新能源发展。

关键词： 新能源；财政政策；税收政策    

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Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1612-5

摘要：

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.

关键词： Emerging contaminants     Microplastics     Environment risk     Health effect    

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Usability perceptions and beliefs about smart thermostats by chi-square test, signal detection theory, and fuzzy detection theory in regions of Mexico

Pedro PONCE, Therese PEFFER, Arturo MOLINA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 522-538 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0562-2

摘要： It is well known that smart thermostats (STs) have become key devices in the implementation of smart homes; thus, they are considered as primary elements for the control of electrical energy consumption in households. Moreover, energy consumption is drastically affected when the end users select unsuitable STs or when they do not use the STs correctly. Furthermore, in future, Mexico will face serious electrical energy challenges that can be considerably resolved if the end users operate the STs in a correct manner. Hence, it is important to carry out an in-depth study and analysis on thermostats, by focusing on social aspects that influence the technological use and performance of the thermostats. This paper proposes the use of a signal detection theory (SDT), fuzzy detection theory (FDT), and chi-square (CS) test in order to understand the perceptions and beliefs of end users about the use of STs in Mexico. This paper extensively shows the perceptions and beliefs about the selected thermostats in Mexico. Besides, it presents an in-depth discussion on the cognitive perceptions and beliefs of end users. Moreover, it shows why the expectations of the end users about STs are not met. It also promotes the technological and social development of STs such that they are relatively more accepted in complex electrical grids such as smart grids.

关键词： thermostats     perceptions     beliefs     signal detection theory (SDT)     fuzzy signal detection theory (FSDT)     chi-square (CS) test    

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Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1420-8

摘要：

Humanity has been facing the threat of a variety of infectious diseases. Airborne microorganisms can cause airborne infectious diseases, which spread rapidly and extensively, causing huge losses to human society on a global scale. In recent years, the detection technology for airborne microorganisms has developed rapidly; it can be roughly divided into biochemical, immune, and molecular technologies.

关键词： Biosensor     Airborne microorganisms     Microbiological detection technology    

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Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 448-464 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1611-9

摘要： Perchlorate has recently emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant of healthy concern. Development of novel detection methods for perchlorate with the potential for field use has been an urgent need. The investigation has shown that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique has great potential to become a practical analysis tool for the rapid screening and routine monitoring of perchlorate in the field, particularly when coupled with portable/handheld Raman spectrometers. In this review article, we summarize progress made in SERS analysis of perchlorate in water and other media with an emphasis on the development of SERS substrates for perchlorate detection. The potential of this technique for fast screening and field testing of perchlorate-contaminated environmental samples is discussed. The challenges and possible solutions are also addressed, aiming to provide a better understanding on the development directions in the research field.

关键词： perchlorate     SERS     detection     substrate     modification     nanostructure    

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Ecological Risk Management of Drinking Water Project: The Case Study of Kunming City

Ji-liang Zheng,Jun Hu,Xuan Zhou,Ching Yuen Luk

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第3期   页码 311-319 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015045

摘要： Following rapid infrastructure development and industrialization, the problems of water pollution and water shortage have become more severe. Whether there is safe drinking water in cities has attracted wide attention. The ecological risk management of drinking water project is an important means of ensuring the safety of a drinking water source. Based on ecological risk assessment and management theories, this paper establishes an ecological risk management model and assessment system with the aim of providing theoretical guidance and scientific basis for formulating a policy on the safety and protection of drinking water sources in a city. Kunming is one of the cities plagued by severe water shortage in China. Its ecological risk management of drinking water has attracted the attention of both the local government and the public. Using Kunming as the case study, this paper conducts a comparative analysis and assessment on three major reservoirs that face ecological risks. It highlights the existing problems and gives helpful suggestions.

关键词： drinking water project     ecological risk     ecological risk assessment     risk management    

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A fast antibiotic detection method for simplified pretreatment through spectra-based machine learning

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1472-9

摘要：

• A spectral machine learning approach is proposed for predicting mixed antibiotic.

关键词： Antibiotic contamination     Spectral detection     Machine learning    

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脉冲辐射探测技术

欧阳晓平

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第4期   页码 44-55

摘要：

脉冲辐射探测是探知核反应过程特征信息的主要途径之一，是核反应过程特性研究、核装置设计、运行、监测与控制不可或缺的技术手段。由核探测器、探测方法和应用技术等构成的脉冲辐射场探测技术，已成为科学研究、核技术应用、核材料分析、裂变/聚变研究和天体物理等相关核科学研究的必备技术元素。文章介绍了我国发展的瞬态核裂变、核聚变反应过程释放的脉冲中子、伽马混合辐射场探测系统和测量技术。

关键词： 裂变反应     聚变反应     脉冲辐射探测     探测系统     中子测量     伽马测量    

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风险矩阵方法与应用述评

朱启超,匡兴华,沈永平

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第1期   页码 89-94

摘要：

技术项目的风险管理一直深受美国国防部的重视。介绍了在美国国防采办风险管理中广泛应用的风险矩阵方法，并对其优缺点和适用性进行分析，结合我国国防预研技术项目管理的特点，提出我国开展技术性项目风险管理的思路。

关键词： 风险矩阵     风险管理     项目管理    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A Survey of Tax Risk Detection Using Data Mining Techniques

Qinghua Zheng,Yiming Xu,Huixiang Liu,Bin Shi,Jiaxiang Wang,Bo Dong,

期刊论文

Detection of schedule delay risk of empirical construction projects

Tsegay GEBREHIWET, Hanbin LUO

期刊论文

增值税防伪税控系统及其安全性设计

魏庆福

期刊论文

A global carbon market?

Michael G. POLLITT

期刊论文

Basic consideration of research strategies for head and neck cancer

null

期刊论文

An uncertain energy planning model under carbon taxes

Hongkuan ZANG, Yi XU, Wei LI, Guohe HUANG, Dan LIU

期刊论文

支持新能源发展的财税政策研究

魏向杰

期刊论文

Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

期刊论文

Usability perceptions and beliefs about smart thermostats by chi-square test, signal detection theory, and fuzzy detection theory in regions of Mexico

Pedro PONCE, Therese PEFFER, Arturo MOLINA

期刊论文

Advances in airborne microorganisms detection using biosensors: A critical review

期刊论文

Recent advances in SERS detection of perchlorate

Jumin Hao, Xiaoguang Meng

期刊论文

Ecological Risk Management of Drinking Water Project: The Case Study of Kunming City

Ji-liang Zheng,Jun Hu,Xuan Zhou,Ching Yuen Luk

期刊论文

A fast antibiotic detection method for simplified pretreatment through spectra-based machine learning

期刊论文

脉冲辐射探测技术

欧阳晓平

期刊论文

风险矩阵方法与应用述评

朱启超,匡兴华,沈永平

期刊论文